He has been bizarrely sanctified by the Ahle Sunnah over the centuries, his reputation has been shrouded in myths, legends and propaganda. In modern language, the Bani Hashim were the priests, whereas the Banu Omayya were the merchants and soldiers. This bar-code number lets you verify that you're getting exactly the right version or edition of a book. Although considered to be lacking in the justice and piety of the Rashidun, Muawiyah was also the first caliph whose name appeared on coins, inscriptions, or doc… With the assassination of Ali ibn Abu Talib (r), the curtain fell on the age of faith in Islamic history. “During Muhammad’s regime, Muawiya served as a scribe” (Johnson, 66). Für nähere Informationen zur Nutzung Ihrer Daten lesen Sie bitte unsere Datenschutzerklärung und Cookie-Richtlinie. They also maintained that the Caliphate should be open to any capable Muslim, not just the Quraish. During the time when he was ruling Syria it happened that a person called Ibn Khaybari, seeing his wife was committing adultery, could not bear it and killed her. Declared himself fourth successor. we neither praise him, nor do we say anything against him. And out of the ashes arose the dynastic rule of the Umayyads. Didn't seem to be too concerned about Uthman's murder, btw. Even though Muawiya was a good administrator, he and other Umayyads did not manage to deal with the opposition properly or solve the conflict with it. This exclamation captures in a nutshell the motivation for early Muslim conquests. Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan was a Companion of the Prophet and on several occasions the Prophet used his services as a scribe of the Qur’an. Some historians, among them the great Ibn Batuta who traveled through North Africa in 1330-1334, relate them to the Ibadis who are known for their devout poetry in praise of the Prophet. Madina was the capital of the largest empire the world had known but the rulers walked on earth like mendicants, with the fear of God in their hearts and the vision of the hereafter in their souls. It was this famous general, who upon reaching the ocean urged his horse forward until it could advance no further and then turning towards the sky declared: “O God! They sought to justify their misguided position that Ali (r) had compromised his faith. Emir Muawiya was a soldier and he paid special attention to the armed forces. A companion of Abu Huraira, no friend of the Shia, claims in Sirat-e-Halabiya that "On the plains of Siffin, Abu Huraira would pray Salat behind Ali, but would go and eat with Muawiya. When Ali (r), a Hashimite, tried to redirect the flow of history towards the pristine purity of Islam, faith collided with greed; the civil wars ensued pitting Banu Omayya against Bani Hashim. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. He quickly eliminated this threat by promising stipend to the siblings in exchange for their silence on their claims to the Caliphate. In 640 AD, Muawiya succeeded Yazid as the governor of Syria. But with the Caliphate of Uthman (r), himself an Omayya, the old rivalry surfaced again. Emir Muawiya was the first soldier-king in Islamic history. He became caliph less than 30 years following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and very shortly after the reign of the four "rightly guided" (Rashidun) caliphs. The case came before Muawiya (Radiallahu anhu). Although defeated time and again, the Kharijites resurfaced in Islamic history as a recalcitrant group for five hundred years. The first phase of the civil wars ended with the triumph of the merchant-warrior and the abdication of the rule of faith. Rhodes and other islands in the eastern Mediterranean were captured and in 671, Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was besieged. Their position, though it was couched in democratic terms, was extremist. Damit Verizon Media und unsere Partner Ihre personenbezogenen Daten verarbeiten können, wählen Sie bitte 'Ich stimme zu.' The police force was strengthened and the postal system, which was created by Omar ibn al Khattab (r) for military use, was now opened to the public. Even his admirers shy away from calling him a khalifa and simply call him a ruler or amir. Author has 313 answers and 511K answer views. The Banu Omayya, who were merchants and soldiers in pre-Islamic years, benefited enormously from the conquered gold of Persia. Muawiya managed to come to terms with Ali’s son Hasan (who had been elected Caliph after his father) that Muawiya would take the throne now (he was 58 years old while Hasan was 38, Muawiya was older and more experienced than Hasan) whereas Hasan would resume his post of the elected Caliph after Muawiya’s death. Under Umar he became the very able governor of Syria. For a brief moment, faith in the transcendence of God ruled supreme over the blade of the soldier and the wealth of the merchant. Ongoing feud with Muawiya. Someone asked why he did this, to which he replied "Food with Muawiya is better, but Salat under Ali is better. As we have pointed out, certain members of Banu Omayya took advantage of the pious and retiring nature of Uthman (r) and grew enormously wealthy. Faith was the propulsive force that provided this momentum. Muhlab bin Abi Safra captured the frontier areas of modern Pakistan. In this capacity he is respected by all Muslims. Therefore, because Muawiya committed treason and caused much bloodshed, he was surely unworthy of the caliphate, which he assumed upon himself after the death of Ali ibn Abu Talib in 661 AD. As we have pointed out, these were disgruntled men who walked out of Ali’s (r) camp when he accepted arbitration with Muawiya. Never has there been a time in history as there was for the first forty years after the Hijra. An immediate cause of concern to Muawiya was the sons and by then heirs of Ali, Hussein and Hassan. Daten über Ihr Gerät und Ihre Internetverbindung, darunter Ihre IP-Adresse, Such- und Browsingaktivität bei Ihrer Nutzung der Websites und Apps von Verizon Media. And it is not permissible to cast aspersions upon him at all. Undoubtedly one reason for the prominence that is assigned to him is that he was a controversial figure. He was a rebel who fought the legitimate rule of ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, the fourth Sunni caliph, and committed countless atrocities against those who were his adherents. Emir Muawiya was the first soldier-king in Islamic history. After the conquest of Mecca by… It is possible the name you are searching has less than five occurrences per year. With him, the Islamic body politic came under the sway of dynastic rule. It was during this siege that a companion of the Prophet, Abu Ayyub Ansari died and was buried beneath the ramparts of the Fort of Constantinople. Fun Facts about the name Muawiya. But when he died his name also died with him. See, a person from Bani Teem (that is the first caliph) ruled over the people, and did many great things for them. The third view is that he was one of the kings of the Muslims, who did good deeds and bad deeds. The struggle of the early Muslims was to establish a world order wherein only the name of God was extolled and men and women were freed from bondage to false gods or tyrants who acted as if they were gods. Sie können Ihre Einstellungen jederzeit ändern. The curtain fell on the age of the Khulfa e Rashidoon (Rightly Guided Caliphs). Whether he was good or bad will depend who whom you are asking i guess. At the Treaty of Madayen (661), Hassan abdicated the Caliphate in favor of Muawiya in return for general amnesty and an annual stipend of 200,000 dirhams. After the conquest of Mecca, Muhammad appointed a good number of his officials from the Quraysh tribe. With the civil wars at bay, the advance resumed. Marwan had been appointed as the governor of Hijaz by Muawiya. Ali (r) waged a valiant battle to extinguish the flames of greed and power, but the fire consumed him too. He encouraged innovations in military technology. As soon as Ali (r) was assassinated (661) Muawiya made preparations to invade Mecca, Madina and Iraq. Muawiyah I (Arabic: معاوية بن أبي سفيان‎, romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; c. 597, 603 or 605–April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, serving from 661 until his death. And what wonderful affliction was prevented. Muawiya was the first ruler to mint coins with Arabic inscriptions, displacing Byzantine and Persian coins, thereby reasserting the fiscal independence of the Muslim state. Hence, Mu’awiyah thought that by giving the leadership to Yazeed would be a good thing for the Ummah and it would prevent another affliction of happening. It is his role as a historical figure where differences arise. Was he insuring the power stays in his family at the cost of destruction of muslim ummah ? Yazeed reigned for three years. The appointment of him as the heir to the throne and his becoming the caliph after his father caused caliphate to be transformed into sultanate, ending the system of being the caliph through election. He modernized the army, introducing specialized units for desert combat and snowy terrains. He was not a kaafir but it was because of him that the killing of al-Husayn happened, and he did what he did to the people of al-Harrah. Muawiya (mo͞oä`wēä), d. 680, 1st Umayyad Umayyad, the first Islamic dynasty (661–750). Saeed bin Uthman captured Samarqand and Bukhara in Central Asia. In 657, Muawiya’s army attacked the army of Ali at the Battle of Siffin. Muawiya on the other hand is treated with a lot of respect. The battle between Sayyidina Muawiya (Radiallahu anhu) and Sayyidina Ali (Radiallahu anhu) is quite well-known. The vast treasures of Persia, accumulated over centuries of imperial rule, presented a temptation that some Arabs could not resist. Muawiya (mo͞oä`wēä), d. 680, 1st Umayyad Umayyad, the first Islamic dynasty (661–750). aus oder wählen Sie 'Einstellungen verwalten', um weitere Informationen zu erhalten und eine Auswahl zu treffen. Had this ocean not interrupted me, I would have reached the farthest corners of the earth to extol Thy Name”. Pious scholars of the dominant Sunni sect of Islam, together with writers of the minority, dissenting Shiʿis, have always heaped opprobrium on … The newfound unity survived through the Caliphate of Abu Bakr (r) and Omar (r). Yahoo ist Teil von Verizon Media. He submitted to Islam the year of the surrender of Mecca and became Muhammad's secretary. With the Treaty of Madayen, power passed from Bani Hashim of the Quraish to Banu Omayya, another branch of the Quraish. Their methods were bloody and they let loose a merciless reign of terror, indiscriminately killing men, women and children. Muʿāwiyah stands out as one of the few caliphs who is depicted both in Muslim historiography and in modern scholarship as a decisive force in Islamic history. Muawiya and Aisha (Muhammad's widow) contested but were fighting amongst themselves. Muawiya the most good looking Man. Since Muawiya started the fitna (rebellion) against the duly elected and selected caliph, he should have been put to death: “tumult and rebellion are worse than slaughter” (Quran 2:191). They call him Hazrat Muawiya - rasiallahu-anhu (may Allah be pleased with him) amongst other respectful titles. It also consolidated the power of Muawiya over all Muslim territories. He has been mentioned badly among the Muslims because of the terrible incidents that took place during his sultanate. The Prophet founded a civilization wherein faith was supreme. The 13-digit and 10-digit formats both work. "". This development opened Uthman (r) to charges of favoritism and ultimately led to his assassination. Just read up on him and decide for yourself History repeats itself. Aisha gave up. Muawiyah Ibn Abu-Sufyan معاوية ابن أبي سفيان Sahabah: Mu'awiyah Ibn Abu Sufyan The Companions of Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) Muawiyah Governor of Syria Muawiyah I (Arabic: معاوية ابن أبي سفيان‎ Muʿāwiyah ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; 602 – 6 May 680) was the first Caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. With him, the Islamic body politic came under the sway of dynastic rule. Their reign witnessed the return to leadership roles of the pre-Islamic Arab elite, an Located within modern day Istanbul, the tomb of Abu Ayyub is one of the chief attractions of that beautiful city. Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (Arabic: يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان ‎, romanized: Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; 646 – 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate.He ruled from April 680 until his death in November 683. Luckily for Muawiya, the brothers believed that once he passed away, one of them would be elected Caliph. An opponent of Ali, the fourth caliph and Muhammad’s son-in-law, Mu’awiyah assumed the caliphate after Ali’s assassination and established his capital in Damascus. In his youth, a stranger looked at Muawiyah and said; I think that this man will rule over his people. Muawiya made yazid caliph during his life time knowing his son was evil person ..who was always drunk and induldged in illegal sex. 1- Muwayah is a companion who met the prophet Muhammed PBUH 2- Yazid is not a companion. An outstanding soldier, a shrewd politician and an able administrator, Muawiya fought Ali (r) to a standstill and declared himself the Caliph in 658. The Quraysh controlled the city of Mecca (in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia) and the Banu Abd-Shams were among the most influential of its citizens. They were going to battle but didn't. The power of wealth asserted itself during his time and those who were in a position to exploit this wealth, namely the merchant-soldier class of Banu Omayya, did so.
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